PDO Method Cheat Sheet

code text

| PDO Method | Purpose |
|---|---|
| `$pdo->prepare()` | Prepare SQL with placeholders |
| `$stmt->execute()` | Execute prepared SQL |
| `$pdo->query()` | Execute simple SQL without parameters |
| `$stmt->fetch()` | Retrieve one record |
| `$stmt->fetchAll()` | Retrieve multiple records |

---

Standard PDO Pattern

For SQL requiring user input:

code php

$stmt = $pdo->prepare("
    SQL QUERY
    WHERE id = ?
");

$stmt->execute([
    $id
]);

For SQL without user input:

code php

$stmt = $pdo->query("
    SELECT *
    FROM students
");

$students = $stmt->fetchAll();

---

11. CRUD Pattern to Remember

The basic PHP + PDO CRUD pattern is:

code text

CREATE
   ↓
INSERT
   ↓
prepare()
   ↓
execute()

READ
   ↓
SELECT
   ↓
query()/prepare()
   ↓
fetch()/fetchAll()

UPDATE
   ↓
UPDATE
   ↓
prepare()
   ↓
execute()

DELETE
   ↓
DELETE
   ↓
prepare()
   ↓
execute()

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